Factor Analysis of Proliferation of Esophageal Squamous Carcinoma Cells

Studies have shown that smoking, diet, and other risk factors can alter the occurrence and expansion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. These inflammatory factors can activate the transcription of genes downstream of the signal through signal transduction, further promoting the proliferation and invasion of esophageal squamous carcinoma cells. Recent studies have revealed new target factors for the IL-6 pathway. Chen et al. found that silencing B7-H4 can significantly reduce IL-6 secretion by regulating B7-H4 expression levels in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines such as Eca109cells, TE1 cells, and TE13 cells proliferation. Thus, B7-H4 promotes the proliferation of esophageal squamous carcinoma cells through the IL-6 signaling pathway. It may be one of the molecular mechanisms of B7-H4 in ESCC development and poor prognosis. At the same time, Li et al. found that PMS drugs can inhibit the expression of IL-6, human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma Eca-109, TE-1 cell lines proliferation, and can also inhibit IL-6-mediated EMT metastasis. PMS passed NF- κB signaling pathway inhibits the expression of IL-6 and was intended to reveal that PMS may be an effective drug for human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. These investigations have shown that further studies can be carried out on the IL-6 signaling pathway in the later stage. We may find effective targets from these signaling pathways and play a significant role in the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Fig2. B7-H3 and B7-H4 promoted T cells to secrete immunosuppressive cytokines to maintain a tumor microenvironment.

Experimental investigations have shown that non-coding RNA and transcription factors were involved in the development of many diseases. Non-coding RNA can influence the transcription and translation of downstream genes. Non-coding RNA’s modifications in cells can be used as markers for some malignant lesions. These characteristics may be a target for the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Song found that high expression of circRNA has-circ-0000337 can promote the proliferation and invasion of human esophageal cancer KYSE-150 and TE-1 cell lines. Reverse knockdown of circ RNA has-circ-0000337 inhibits the proliferation of ESCC cell lines but promotes apoptosis. Suggesting that miR-1269a can be used as a possible target for the diagnosis of esophageal squamous cells, miR-1269a can be promoting the proliferation of KYSE 30 cell line by inhibiting the expression of SOX6. These studies imply that certain non-coding RNAs can serve as potential diagnostic targets for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and potential therapeutic targets for biotherapeutic therapy.

Fig3. Expression of hsa_circ_0000337 in ESCC tissues and cell lines.

Notes: (A) The Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed that the expression of hsa_circ_0000337 in cancer tissues was upregulated compared to matched adjacent normal-appearing tissues. (B) The expression of hsa_circ_0000337 in the esophageal carcinoma cell line TE-1 was higher than that in the normal human esophageal epithelial cell line HET-1A, but was not significantly changed in KYSE-150. (C) There was a slight upward trend when comparing clinical samples with poor to well differentiation grades. The three lines in (A) and (C) represent the median with interquartile ranges. 1: moderate-poor or poor differentiation; 2: moderate differentiation; ands3: well-to-moderate or well-differentiation. **P<0.01.

Reihaneh found that after knocking down the Meis1 gene, it promoted the differentiation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma KYSE-30 cell lines, indicating that inhibition of Meis1 gene expression can be a useful therapeutic strategy for ESC cell proliferation and invasion. Meanwhile, Nishimura found that the transcription factor SIX1 was abnormally highly expressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, which can cause high expression of TGF-β and its receptor. Subsequent studies have found that knockdown of the SIX1 gene can attenuate tumor invasion and slow down its growth rate. High HFI-1 expression in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma caused by HFI-1 can adapt their tumor cells to a hypoxic environment which resulted from poor prognosis. Zhu found that the extension of HFI-1 inhibitor PX-478 can significantly inhibit esophageal squamous cell carcinoma EC109 cell lines proliferation, EC9706 cell lines proliferation, and promote their apoptosis. All of these findings and references are valuable to clinical treatment.