Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of important protein molecules involved in non-specific immunity (innate immunity) and serve as a bridge between non-specific and specific immunity. TLR9, a member of the Toll-like receptor family, is expressed in immune system cells including dendritic cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, and other antigen-presenting cells. TLR9 primarily binds to DNA found in bacteria and viruses, triggering a cascade of signals that lead to pro-inflammatory cytokine responses. TLR9 is typically activated by unmethylated CpG sequences in DNA molecules. Upon activation, TLR9 translocates from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus and lysosomes, where it interacts with the key protein MyD88 in the signaling pathway, activating downstream signals.The HTLR9 Reporter 293 Cell Line is a luciferase reporter cell line constructed based on the TLR9 signaling pathway. These cells stably express the TLR9 gene and luciferase reporter gene, making them suitable for evaluating the in vitro activation effects of nucleic acid drugs targeting TLR9.
