Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of important protein molecules involved in nonspecific immunity (innate immunity), serving as a link between nonspecific and specific immunity. TLR9, a member of the Toll-like receptor family, is expressed in immune system cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, and other antigen-presenting cells. TLR9 preferentially binds to DNA present in bacteria and viruses, triggering a cascade of signals leading to pro-inflammatory cytokine responses. TLR9 is typically activated by unmethylated CpG sequences in DNA molecules. Upon activation, TLR9 translocates from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus and lysosomes, where it interacts with the key protein MyD88 in the signaling pathway, activating downstream signals.Mouse_TLR9 Reporter 293 Cell Line is a luciferase reporter cell line constructed based on the TLR9 signaling pathway. This cell line stably expresses the TLR9 gene and luciferase reporter gene, enabling evaluation of the in vitro activation effects of nucleic acid drugs acting on TLR9.
