Human Thyroid Microvascular Endothelial Cells, derived from thyroid tissue, represent a pure population of endothelial cells, as they tested positive for factor VIII-related antigen while being negative for thyroglobulin and calcitonin. These cells express fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2, FGF receptor (FGFR1), and Tie-2. They possess an intriguing autocrine response to FGF-2, while also being receptive to paracrine factors like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), albeit as a less potent mitogen, which stimulates FGFR1 expression. Additionally, the cells exhibit responsiveness to paracrine antiangiogenic signals from thrombospondin (TSP-1) and angiostatin, induced by thyroid follicular cell-conditioned medium, contributing to their role in angiogenesis regulation.
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