Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) is a multi-pass transmembrane receptor that interacts with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). It is expressed in the prostate, ovaries, thyroid, pancreatic islets, pituitary adenoma cells, and soft tissue sarcomas, being a member of the highly conserved family of Class A G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). FSH is synthesized by the anterior pituitary gonadotropes and exerts its effects through the specific receptor FSHR. In females, FSHR is expressed in granulosa cells, regulating the maturation of Graafian follicles, granulosa cell proliferation, and estrogen production. In males, FSHR is expressed in the testicular Sertoli cells, regulating their metabolic functions required for normal sperm production and germ cell survival.The FSHR Reporter CHO-K1 Cell Line is a reporter gene cell line constructed based on the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway. When FSH binds to its receptor, subunits dissociate. Gαs protein couples, activating adenylate cyclase, leading to an increase in cellular cAMP content and PKA levels, activating the signaling pathway, thereby inducing the expression of luciferase. The luciferase readout represents the activation effect of the signaling pathway and can thus be used for in vitro evaluation of FSHR-related drug effects.
